PEDUC ISCED97 LIS recode 1 no education (does not know how to read and write) 1 2 no education (but knows how to read and write) 1 3 primary education (1-4 classes) 1 4 secondary education (5-8 classes) 1 5 secondary education (9-12 classes) 2 6 professional studies (1-4 years) 2 7 technical and apprenticeship (1-2 years) 2 8 technical training for formen 2 9 post secondary specialized education 2 10 short-term higher education 3 11 long-term higher education 3