PEDUC ISCED97 LIS recode 1 illiterate 1 2 without formal education 1 3 basic education 1 4 primary education 1 1 5 secondary education 3A 2 6 university preparation course 3A 2 7 basic technical education 2 8 advanced technical 3 9 basic university 5 3 10 advanced university 6 3 REMARK about recoding : There is an unlikely high percentage of low educated, this seems corresponding to reality though. Code 5 (secondary education) is to be interpreted as upper secondary cycle under the old Spanish educational system.